The benefits and costs of increased trade integration between Essay

The benefits and costs of increased trade integration between countries depends on the relative importance of trade creation ver - Essay Example Most countries, both developed and developing countries have opened their economies with a view to take advantage of the existing opportunities. However, it is not clear whether the benefits and costs of increased trade integration between these countries depends on the relative importance of trade creation versus trade diversion, plus the dynamic gains from integration. The focus of this paper is to ascertain whether in light of the countries involved, the above connotation is true. Trade creation and trade diversion are two important components in increasing the rate of growth of world trade. They are also important components which help increase the benefits and costs of increased trade integration. Viner (2009) was the first researcher to introduce the terms â€Å"trade creation versus trade diversion† which became useful in analyzing custom unions and other trade related economics issues. Trade creation as envisaged by Viner (2009) refers to a situation in which two count ries operating within customs union start trading with each other whereas they formerly produced products in questions for themselves. In international economics terms, it implies that these countries move from autarky to trading with no tariffs on these goods while they both benefit. In trade creation the cost of goods in consideration decreases upon the economic union formation leading to increased efficiency of economic integration. This means that the essence of trade creation is to eliminate custom tariffs on the unifying state’s inner borders causing further decrease in the prices of goods (El-Agraa, 1981). On the other hand, trade diversion, occur whenever two countries start trading within the union (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). But formerly, these two countries imported the product or from outside the union. In this case, importing country had previously had same tariffs on other countries, but had opted to buy from outside the union because that was somewhat lower (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). The country then switches its purchases from its initial lowest price to the higher price country after the union. This eventually has a negative efficiency effect. Basically what this means is that trade diversion involves diverting trade flows from the actual cost-efficient partner countries to less efficient partner countries, which became an economic union member and made its products cheaper within the union but somewhat higher when compared to the other place in the world. Worth nothing is the fact that both trade diversion and trade creation effects occur because of formation of economic union. Currently, efficiency of economic integration of unions is assessed as the final outcome between trade diversion and trade creation effects (Irwin, 2006). Trade diversions as discussed involves creating free-trade areas, and is important in creating larger markets, which provide more completion as it creates increased access to raw materials (Institute for the integration of Latin America and the Caribbean, 2004). The happy ending will be the lower unit costs because firms can now gain economies of scale in this arrangement. From the point of view of consumers, greater choices and lower prices makes them happy too. On the other hand, in trade creation two countries involved reduce tariffs on their goods. It can also imply simplifying export or

Company structure Essay Example for Free

Company structure Essay 1. Explain the reasons why the organisational structure in any business is important 2. Some people prefer to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a small company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. Management and culture diversity 3. Differences between countries become less evident each year. Nowadays, all over the world people share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this? In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 4. As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? When international media (including movies, fashion shows, advertisements and other TV programmes) convey the same messages to the global audience, people argue that the expansion of international media has negative impacts on cultural diversity. What is your opinion? 5. Some people think using cultural heritage to develop international tourism is wrong. Others think that is the only way to protect cultural heritage. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Marketing 6. Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 7. Advertising is all around us; it is an unavoidable part of everyone’s life. Some people say that advertising is a positive part of our lives while others say it is a negative one. What is your opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. 8. Do you think that ‘word of mouth’ is the best method of advertising? 9. What makes an effective advertisement? 10. In what ways can producers or retailers try to persuade customers to try new products? Pricing 11. In your opinion, are prices the only factor that makes people buy products? Give explanation. 12. Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extend do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective? The costs of medical health care are increasing all the time. Governments are finding it difficult to balance the health care budget. Should citizens be totally responsible for their own health costs and take out private health insurance, or is it better to have a comprehensive health care system which provides free health services for all? Discuss. 13. It is said that â€Å"you have what you pay for†. Do you agree/ disagree with this statement? 14. Offering high prices is always good. Do you agree or disagree? 15. Offering ‘off sales’ is always good. Do you agree or disagree? 16. More and more people are becoming overweight. Some people say that increasing the price of unhealthy or high-fat foods will solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Arbitration The only way to solve a serious crisis between two nations is by going to war. What is your opinion? 17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration 18. The advantages of arbitration outweigh disadvantages. Do you agree? Discuss International Trade 19. Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people trade products or goods for what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you prefer? Explain why Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. Free trade cannot be said to be beneficial to all sections of a trading nation. As such, it is necessary for it to be accompanied by an income redistribution policy. Discuss 20. While a country as a whole will gain from trading with other nations, this does not mean that all sections of the community within the country will benefit. Discuss. 21. Free trade is good for some but bad for others Discuss this statement 22. Everyone benefits from free trade! Discuss While protectionism is bad, the World Trade Organisation preference for the use of tariffs over quotas as a protectionist device is extremely sensible. Discuss. What are the key principles underlying the operation of the WTO? To what extent do these principles make economic sense? 23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international trade? 24. What are the advantages of international trade to businesses? 25. Globalization makes rich countries richer and poor countries poorer. Do you agree? Banking 26. For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.’ Discuss the extent to which you agree/ disagree with the expression above. Support your point of view with reasons/ examples from your own experience, observations or reading. 27. Many people are using credit cards or loans to run up personal debts that they may be unable to repay. It should therefore be made difficult for individuals to borrow large amount of money. What is your opinion on this? 28. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit cards? Many people who work in the banking and finance industries earn very much more than nurses, teachers and other people who work for their local communities. Some people think this is unfair. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience. 29. How do banks facilitate the workings of modern life? 30. What are roles of banks in international trade? Financing international trade 31. Documentary credit is often used to finance international trade. Why is it chosen so widely? Are there any risks or disadvantages for the exporter and the importer when they decide to use documentary credit? 32. Someday paper money and coins will be replaced by credit cards and online methods of monetary exchange. Do you agree or disagree? 33. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with using credit card. 34. Why is letter of credit the commonest method of payment in international trade? 35. What are the advantages and disadvantages of letter of credit? 36. What are the advantages and disadvantages of open account method of payment? Financial Statements Financial education should be a mandatory component of the school program. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 36. Write an essay on the importance of financial statements of a company. Suggested points: + How many types of financial statements are there? + What purpose are they used for? + What are the features of each type? MA 37. Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Company Mergers and Acquisitions. 38. What are the reasons for the failure of many Mergers and Acquisitions? 39. Why are there high rates of failure of Mergers and Acquisitons? Exchange rates Forecasting exchange rates is essentially a waste of effort. Discuss Topics for essay writing 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international trade? 2. What are the advantages of international trade to businesses? 3. Globalization makes rich countries richer and poor countries poorer. Do you agree? 4. Why is letter of credit the commonest method of payment in international trade? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of letter of credit? 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of open account method of payment? 7. How do banks facilitate the workings of modern life? 8. What are roles of banks in international trade? 2. What makes an effective advertisement? 3. In what ways can producers or retailers try to persuade customers to try new products? 4. Explain the method of Mark-up price or the Cost-plus pricing 11. Explain what the Product mix pricing strategy is and give an example to illustrate your point.

To Kill A Mockingbird - Moral :: Kill Mockingbird essays

To Kill A Mockingbird - Moral In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the author intends the reader to learn that you shouldn't judge people by there race. Later on I will be telling you about a life as the Cunningham's, Bob Ewell, and Atticus. So if you listen up and pay attention you will almost be as smart as me. The Cunninghams were the poor family they were so poor they couldn't afford shoes for the family and they also never had any food. "Walter Cunningham's face told everybody in the first grade he had hookworms. His absence of shoes told us how he got them." Page 19. This quote shows that the Cunningham's don't have a lot of money at all. This quote also shows that the Cunningham's are so poor they cant even afford a pair of shoes. "Walter Cunningham was sitting there lying his head off. He didn't forget his lunch, he didn't have any. He had none today nor would he have any tomorrow or the next day. He had probably never seen three quarters together at the same time in his life." Page 20. This quote shows that the Cunningham's are so poor they can't even take care of there own child. This quote also shows that the Cunningham's never have any money and they cant afford food. The Cunningham's would be a very hard family to be, because you would have nothing you own right now, you would be flat broke. Mr. Bob Ewell was a lazy man, and not very many people like him. "The first thing was that Mr. Bob Ewell acquired and lost a job in a matter of days and probably made himself unique in the annals of the nineteen-thirties: he was the only man I ever herd of who was fired from the WPA for laziness." Page 248. This quote shows that Bob Ewell is a really lazy man. This quote also shows that Bob Ewell doesn't try anything hard, not even for money. "First thing you can do, Ewell, is get your stinkin' carcass off my property. You're leanin' on it an' I cant afford fresh paint for it, second thing you can do is stay away from my cook or I'll have you up for assault-" Page 249.

American Era Best Choice :: essays research papers

During the period from 1865 to 1929, I think that the most important person, event and technology were Abraham Lincoln, The Civil War, and the airplane.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln, the person I felt most important, was an incredible man. Not only for his charisma, and character, but for his actions and what he believed in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was a man from the North, who was for the abolishment of slavery. He was a Republican. Although good to the North, the Southerners declares him as the greatest evil of the century. President Lincoln won the election with 180 electoral votes and 1,865,583 of the popular votes. Winning the South by a hundred electoral votes and thousands of popular votes in 1860.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Confederates broke off with the United States, the civil war became a fight to keep as a union. Lincoln declared himself as commander in chief, forced his troops to emancipate slaves, as well as protect them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln grew up poor, taught himself all that he knew, his belief of all men being created equal is what set's him apart from so many other people. During this time he was revolutionary in changing the lives of slaves and the mind of a white man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He signed the 13th Amendment, freeing all slaves. He also gave one of the most inspirational speeches of his time at Gettysburg. And along with his words, the country held together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I feel that President Abraham Lincoln kept this country together, without his leadership, our country would not be one solid nation, rather broken into separate ruled states. Although being assassinated on April 15, 1865, to me he is still the most important man in American history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The events that I thought were very important ties up with President Lincoln, the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Civil War is what eventually kept the states together. It is said to be the war with the most loss of life on American soil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This war started on April 12, 1861 at Fort Sumter and ended on June 8, 1863 at Fort Hudson on the border of Mississippi and Louisiana. Although it is said, the last battle was at Gettysburg.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reason I feel the Civil War was so important to United States history and all the eras are because it was one thing that kept us all under one democratized government. Without the war, we would be just another jumbled, out of government and troubled country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important technological development I think would have to be the airplane.

Digital Fortress Chapter 32

David Becker stood in the hallway outside suite 301. He knew that somewhere behind the ornately carved door was the ring. A matter of national security. Becker could hear movement inside the room. Faint talking. He knocked. A deep German accent called out. â€Å"Ja?† Becker remained silent. â€Å"Ja?† The door opened a crack, and a rotund Germanic face gazed down at him. Becker smiled politely. He did not know the man's name. â€Å"Deutscher, ja?† he asked. â€Å"German, right?† The man nodded, uncertain. Becker continued in perfect German. â€Å"May I speak to you a moment?† The man looked uneasy. â€Å"Was willst du? What do you want?† Becker realized he should have rehearsed this before brazenly knocking on a stranger's door. He searched for the right words. â€Å"You have something I need.† These were apparently not the right words. The German's eyes narrowed. â€Å"Ein ring,† Becker said. â€Å"Du hast einen Ring. You have a ring.† â€Å"Go away,† the German growled. He started to close the door. Without thinking, Becker slid his foot into the crack and jammed the door open. He immediately regretted the action. The German's eyes went wide. â€Å"Was tust du?† he demanded. â€Å"What are you doing?† Becker knew he was in over his head. He glanced nervously up and down the hall. He'd already been thrown out of the clinic; he had no intention of going two for two. â€Å"Nimm deinen Fu? weg!† the German bellowed. â€Å"Remove your foot!† Becker scanned the man's pudgy fingers for a ring. Nothing. I'm so close, he thought. â€Å"Ein Ring!† Becker repeated as the door slammed shut. David Becker stood a long moment in the well-furnished hallway. A replica of a Salvador Dali hung nearby. â€Å"Fitting.† Becker groaned. Surrealism. I'm trapped in an absurd dream. He'd woken up that morning in his own bed but had somehow ended up in Spain breaking into a stranger's hotel room on a quest for some magical ring. Strathmore's stern voice pulled him back to reality: You must find that ring. Becker took a deep breath and blocked out the words. He wanted to go home. He looked back to the door marked 301. His ticket home was just on the other side-a gold ring. All he had to do was get it. He exhaled purposefully. Then he strode back to suite 301 and knocked loudly on the door. It was time to play hardball. The German yanked open the door and was about to protest, but Becker cut him off. He flashed his Maryland squash club ID and barked, â€Å"Polizei!† Then Becker pushed his way into the room and threw on the lights. Wheeling, the German squinted in shock. â€Å"Was machst-â€Å" â€Å"Silence!† Becker switched to English. â€Å"Do you have a prostitute in this room?† Becker peered around the room. It was as plush as any hotel room he'd ever seen. Roses, champagne, a huge canopy bed. Rocio was nowhere to be seen. The bathroom door was closed. â€Å"Prostituiert?† The German glanced uneasily at the closed bathroom door. He was larger than Becker had imagined. His hairy chest began right under his triple chin and sloped outward to his colossal gut. The drawstring of his white terry-cloth Alfonso XIII bathrobe barely reached around his waist. Becker stared up at the giant with his most intimidating look. â€Å"What is your name?† A look of panic rippled across the German's corpulent face. â€Å"Was willst du? What do you want?† â€Å"I am with the tourist relations branch of the Spanish Guardia here in Seville. Do you have a prostitute in this room?† The German glanced nervously at the bathroom door. He hesitated. â€Å"Ja,† he finally admitted. â€Å"Do you know this is illegal in Spain?† â€Å"Nein,† the German lied. â€Å"I did not know. I'll send her home right now.† â€Å"I'm afraid it's too late for that,† Becker said with authority. He strolled casually into the room. â€Å"I have a proposition for you.† â€Å"Ein Vorschlag?† The German gasped. â€Å"A proposition?† â€Å"Yes. I can take you to headquarters right now†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Becker paused dramatically and cracked his knuckles. â€Å"Or what?† the German asked, his eyes widening in fear. â€Å"Or we make a deal.† â€Å"What kind of deal?† The German had heard stories about the corruption in the Spanish Guardia Civil. â€Å"You have something I want,† Becker said. â€Å"Yes, of course!† the German effused, forcing a smile. He went immediately to the wallet on his dresser. â€Å"How much?† Becker let his jaw drop in mock indignation. â€Å"Are you trying to bribe an officer of the law?† he bellowed. â€Å"No! Of course not! I just thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The obese man quickly set down his wallet. â€Å"I†¦ I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was totally flustered. He collapsed on the corner of the bed and wrung his hands. The bed groaned under his weight. â€Å"I'm sorry.† Becker pulled a rose from the vase in the center of the room and casually smelled it before letting it fall to the floor. He spun suddenly. â€Å"What can you tell me about the murder?† The German went white. â€Å"Mord? Murder?† â€Å"Yes. The Asian man this morning? In the park? It was an assassination-Ermordung.† Becker loved the German word for assassination. Ermordung. It was so chilling. â€Å"Ermordung? He†¦ he was†¦?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"But†¦ but that's impossible,† the German choked. â€Å"I was there. He had a heart attack. I saw it. No blood. No bullets.† Becker shook his head condescendingly. â€Å"Things are not always as they seem.† The German went whiter still. Becker gave an inward smile. The lie had served its purpose. The poor German was sweating profusely. â€Å"Wh-wh-at do you want?† he stammered. â€Å"I know nothing.† Becker began pacing. â€Å"The murdered man was wearing a gold ring. I need it.† â€Å"I-I don't have it.† Becker sighed patronizingly and motioned to the bathroom door. â€Å"And Rocio? Dewdrop?† The man went from white to purple. â€Å"You know Dewdrop?† He wiped the sweat from his fleshy forehead and drenched his terry-cloth sleeve. He was about to speak when the bathroom door swung open. Both men looked up. Rocio Eva Granada stood in the doorway. A vision. Long flowing red hair, perfect Iberian skin, deep-brown eyes, a high smooth forehead. She wore a white terry-cloth robe that matched the German's. The tie was drawn snugly over her wide hips, and the neck fell loosely open to reveal her tanned cleavage. She stepped into the bedroom, the picture of confidence. â€Å"May I help you?† she asked in throaty English. Becker gazed across the room at the stunning woman before him and did not blink. â€Å"I need the ring,† he said coldly. â€Å"Who are you?† she demanded. Becker switched to Spanish with a dead-on Andalusian accent. â€Å"Guardia Civil.† She laughed. â€Å"Impossible,† she replied in Spanish. Becker felt a knot rise in his throat. Rocio was clearly a little tougher than her client. â€Å"Impossible?† he repeated, keeping his cool. â€Å"Shall I take you downtown to prove it?† Rocio smirked. â€Å"I will not embarrass you by accepting your offer. Now, who are you?† Becker stuck to his story. â€Å"I am with the Seville Guardia.† Rocio stepped menacingly toward him. â€Å"I know every police officer on the force. They are my best clients.† Becker felt her stare cutting right through him. He regrouped. â€Å"I am with a special tourist task force. Give me the ring, or I'll have to take you down to the precinct and-â€Å" â€Å"And what?† she demanded, raising her eyebrows in mock anticipation. Becker fell silent. He was in over his head. The plan was backfiring. Why isn't she buying this? Rocio came closer. â€Å"I don't know who you are or what you want, but if you don't get out of this suite right now, I will call hotel security, and the real Guardia will arrest you for impersonating a police officer.† Becker knew that Strathmore could have him out of jail in five minutes, but it had been made very clear to him that this matter was supposed to be handled discreetly. Getting arrested was not part of the plan. Rocio had stopped a few feet in front of Becker and was glaring at him. â€Å"Okay.† Becker sighed, accentuating the defeat in his voice. He let his Spanish accent slip. â€Å"I am not with the Seville police. A U.S. government organization sent me to locate the ring. That's all I can reveal. I've been authorized to pay you for it.† There was a long silence. Rocio let his statement hang in the air a moment before parting her lips in a sly smile. â€Å"Now that wasn't so hard, was it?† She sat down on a chair and crossed her legs. â€Å"How much can you pay?† Becker muffled his sigh of relief. He wasted no time getting down to business. â€Å"I can pay you 750,000 pesetas. Five thousand American dollars.† It was half what he had on him but probably ten times what the ring was actually worth. Rocio raised her eyebrows. â€Å"That's a lot of money.† â€Å"Yes it is. Do we have a deal?† Rocio shook her head. â€Å"I wish I could say yes.† â€Å"A million pesetas?† Becker blurted. â€Å"It's all I have.† â€Å"My, my.† She smiled. â€Å"You Americans don't bargain very well. You wouldn't last a day in our markets.† â€Å"Cash, right now,† Becker said, reaching for the envelope in his jacket. I just want to go home. Rocio shook her head. â€Å"I can't.† Becker bristled angrily. â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"I no longer have the ring,† she said apologetically. â€Å"I've already sold it.†

The Beat Generation essays

The Beat Generation essays When Sal began his journey on the road, he was a young writer with nothing to lose. He had no plans set for the future of his life and could do whatever he wanted to. Life had been extremely dull for him in the past and it wasnt until he met Dean Moriarty when anything drastically changed in his life. Sal begins a journey in which he attempts to become more and more in tune with himself and tries to discover his inner soul. He says, Somewhere along the line I knew thered be girls, visions, everything; somewhere along the line the pearl would be handed to me. (Kerouac, 8) Through his endeavor, Sal was able to gain a better perspective on his life, and turn his life into something positive that had much promise for the future. In the beginning of the novel, Sal seems somewhat weakened and depressed. Hes a grown man but continues to reside in his aunts house, spending much of his time writing at home. Him and his wife had just split up and he says, I had just gotten over a serious illness that I wont bother to talk about, except that it had something to do with the miserably weary split-up and my feeling that everything was dead. (Kerouac, 1) He never actually discloses what this illness that he speaks of actually is, but it is obvious that life has not been going to well for Sal up until this point. Whether the illness was drug addiction or depression, it was clear Sal needed change in his life and this would come from Dean. Dean lived a very different lifestyle than Sal had, living a very fast paced, rebellious life that intrigued Sal greatly. Sal was at such a low in his life that Dean was easily able to take advantage of Sal. Claiming he wanted to further develop his writing skills, Dean asked Sal if he could stay at Sals aunts house and Sal graciously agreed. At first Sal was intrigued by Dean because he seemed to have this active, impulsive passion that Sal lacked, but ...

Adhd Essays - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Free Essays

Adhd Essays - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Free Essays Adhd Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders among children. About 3 percent to 5 percent of American children are affected by this disorder. This disorder is commonly mis-diagnosed in children who are very hyperactive, assuming that very hyperactive kids have this disorder. In this paper I plan to discuss ideas such as: the symptoms, theories of causation, risks, and how this disorder is looked at and treated. There are signs that a child may be affected by ADHD, which are very noticeable in some cases. Some of the physical symptoms that are involved include hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsitivity. When discussing inattention, the idea that individuals have difficulty sustaining interest in finishing a task, strangely, a person with ADHD may have no problems with attention while doing an activity they enjoy, but wont be able to finish a complicated or new task. People with this disorder are often noted for their inconsistencies, have bad handwriting, miss details, and are often forgetful. But because the individual over-focuses on something of great interest, or something that is highly stimulating, many times an untrained observer may assume that this ability to concentrate negates the possibility of ADHD being a concern, especially when they see children able to pay attention while working one-on-one with someone, doing something they enjoy, or can sit and play a video game or watch television for hours on end. In addition to problems with attention, people with ADHD can be fidgety, and appear to be moving around constantly. Which leads me to myth that all people with ADHD ar e hyperactive, this is not always the case. Because society has traditionally thought of a person with ADHD as being hyper, many children who have this disorder with no signs of being hyperactive are not being identified or treated. For those individuals who are not hyperactive, they are often thought of as a day-dreamers or an absent-minded professors. The non-hyperactive children with ADHD most often seem to be girls, but it is 5 to 7 more common in boys. (Booth, 2000) Another symptom that is very common in people with ADHD is impulsitivity, which means that the individual seems to be unable to think before they act. They may interrupt others who are talking, blurt out inappropriate comments, or have a hard time waiting their turn. Regardless of the consequence, people with ADHD can out as if they are out of control. Although researchers are still studying exactly what causes ADHD, they know what doesnt cause it, and that is sugar. Sugar and food additives dont cause ADHD, and in research study in 1982 the National Institutes of Health concluded that restricting sugar and food additive consumption only helped about 5% of the children with this disorder. Minor brain injuries from early infection, or birth complications also have been ruled out, head injuries can only explain a few cases of ADHD, not all of them. Television watching, poor home and school environments also dont cause ADHD, they may contribute to behavior that resembles the symptoms. Instead new theories point to low levels of activity in some parts of the brain as an indicator of ADHD. In one study, investigators found that control attention, meaning that areas were less active and caused inattention. Cocaine and heavy alcohol use during pregnancy may also distort developing nerve cell. Using alcohol during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome, which leads to low birth weight, and certain physical and intellectual impairments. Many FAS children also show the same symptoms as children with ADHD. I feel that you can rule out genes, because they probably account for some ADHD causes. Children with this disorder usually have at least one relative with ADHD, with one-third of fathers with ADHD having children with disorder also. More important, identical twins are often both affected.(National ADD, 97) Treatment is available for people who have ADHD, which includes therapy and drug treatment. But in order to make sure these symptoms are from an actual case of ADHD, and not from an emotional or physical disorder, a medical professional would need to look at the history of the symptoms, ruling out any learning disabilities, or physical problems or environmental factors

Labour and resources Essay Example

Labour and resources Essay Example Labour and resources Essay Labour and resources Essay Developing nations are usually characterized by the need of skilled labour and resources. They also require markets for their goods so as to gain foreign currencies and in turn import whatever goods and services that they need within their boundaries. The reasons why Asian businesses become multinationals are not particular to the region to this effect. Their growth of these businesses has been conventional to what is seen as the established pattern in growth. This is due to the fact that most multinationals are usually set up to sell the goods that result from the expansion in industries. Therefore, the multinationals serve to provide goods and services to the countries in which they are situated. Secondly, these multinationals are main sources of employment for the expatriates from parent countries and the countries in which they do business. The employment might be in the form of skilled and semi-skilled work force being recruited to help the MNEs accomplish their goals. Recently, multinational ventures like the ones that China starts in Africa serve the purpose of acting partly as foreign aid. For instance, a construction company established to build roads in certain parts of Africa is paid for its service but the quarters introduced for employment of natives is restricted to unskilled labour. In effect, the multinational ventures provides services that are meant to develop infrastructure of the native country but in the long run, China benefits most from the venture. Trade, especially bilateral trade between the countries in the region is important in the growth of the countries. The output is mostly restricted to the technological grounds. This keeps the countries constantly importing foodstuff and labour. None the less, the economies in the region depend to a very low degree on exportation. This means that they export little to other regions. The data for this trend is mostly twisted to the Asian regions of the Asia Pacific region. A third of the countries combined GDP depends on exports. This is a direct indication that their economies can be sustained from within as they consume most of their goods. On the other hand, the US and Australia are active in the exportation of the goods and services within their boundaries. This is very pivotal in the growth and change within all their sectors involved in trade. The more they trade with other partners, the more change they are exposed to in terms of volumes of trade, cultures, and trends. In general, trade enhances change in very many aspects to keep the economies on a healthy upward growth trend. With this come so many other benefits (Peltonen Pula, 2009). Japanese investments in the other countries stemmed from the need to obtain raw materials for their manufacturing industries. The manufacturing industry was affected in the areas dealing in minerals. This was due to the demand of minerals for the production of goods. The energy sector was not left behind either. The encouragement by policies issued through government department urged industries to develop in foreign countries so that they could attain the needed minerals for processing and sale. This lessened the hustle of importation of raw materials and created the necessary links between the trading countries and Japan. Mergers and acquisitions also helped in establishing a stable trend in growth as these ensure a hold on most market segments dominated by the acquired establishments. The foray into these regions thus helps strengthen FDI for Japan (Takeuchi, 1990). MNE subsidiaries might not be like parent companies due to the fact that they face a lot of competition from the indigenous companies in the country that they are located. They therefore have a small chance of controlling trade in regions where other established economies have MNEs. For instance, Malaysian MNEs find it hard to exist in the regions which they are established partly due to the lack of sufficient funds as compared to companies from robust economies like Japan and the US. Therefore, the parent company might enjoy market segment manipulation in its country of origin but the ventures to the regional market require more efforts to establish a niche. Cross-border management does not provide a solid method of management as these ventures require a hands-on approach due to the levels of competition (Mulok, 2010). Conclusion To conclude, we can say that the impact of these ventures on the national management and the region as a whole is that it introduces policies that favour the establishment of healthy competition. Management techniques are also improved in the overall outlook. MNEs may or may not introduce monopolies. The monopolies are created in the case where there are few players in that particular industry. The human resource is also enhanced positively as more and more people join the workforce and reduce unemployment. Technology transfer is very important to the region. These establishments ensure that the technological development of these countries is positive and that they acquire knowledge in the different sectors that drive the economy. References Cho, Joong-Wan. (1997). Foreign Direct Investment: Determinants, Trends in Flows and Promotion Policies. Investment Promotion and Enterprise Development Bulletin for Asia and the Pacific. Pp 99-112. Lara, J. P. (2008). Multinational Corporations and the Emerging Network Economy in Asia and the Pacific. Routledge. Print. Wang, C. and Liu, X. (2002). Does Foreign Direct Investment Facilitate Technological Progress? : Evidence from Chinese Industries. Research Policy. Vol. 32, Issue 6, pp 945-953. Saggi, K. (2002). Trade, Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade Transfer: A Survey. World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp 191-235. Lin, Y. J. (2004). The Peoples Republic of Chinas Future Development and Economic Relations with Asia and Latin America. Working Paper Series No. 21. Perkin University.

Newspaper and Internet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Newspaper and Internet - Case Study Example The first newspaper was published in Beijing in 748 (newspaper–industry.org, n.d.). The paper reported further that the first daily newspaper circulated in 1702 in London and was called The Daily Courant. It was further revealed that in 1754, the first commercial newspaper The Daily Advertiser was published in London. In the U.S. earlyamerica.com, (n.d.) revealed that their first daily newspaper Boston News-Letter came out of circulation in April 1704. Since its inception, the newspaper is strictly for news and it was only in 1856 that commercial advertisements were discovered as a profitable endeavor by newspaper New York Ledger (Bellis, 2008). The invention of the radio in 1920 and television in 1939 did not affect the popularity of the newspaper as the source of news and an effective ads placement alternative. Williamson (n.d. 23rd par.) revealed that â€Å"Most all the major stores are getting back to the basics and finding the print advertising to be the best return on i nvestment†. In 1973, the internet was discovered by Vinton Cerf (ideafinder.com, 2007). It is a known fact that the internet is also a provider of news and ideas much like the newspaper. Critics conclude that the internet will cause the slow death of the newspaper and the people economically dependent on it. The conclusion is based on the fact that the internet provides what the newspaper can for free. Based from this, one need not spend a dime to buy a newspaper just for the news and ads because there is the internet, providing them what they need free of charge. This paper 2 aims to document and analyze the strength and weakness of the newspaper compared to internet and come up with strategies in order to survive in the context of customer service operation and excellence. Business Management experts agree that the obvious first step in order to come up with strategies for survival of a business enterprise is determine the developed perception of the customers about the business. The general truth suggests that this is of prime importance for the reason that perceptions should be well addressed in the formulation of strategies and action plans. Burns (2000), a university professor and a web site owner said that in case of a daily traveler, newspaper is still the choice over the internet for the simple reason that he has to download and print the crossword puzzle in order to work at it while on a public transport going to office. He continued by saying "Well, now you have to print it out, or download it onto a laptop for the trip. You're back to hauling things around again." (24th par.). A blogger by the pen name Lockergnome (2005) reported that what he usually read from the newspapers today are the news he read from the internet site yesterday. The blogger continued by saying that if all readers will finally realize this, surely they will not buy newspaper anymore, waste their time reading because what they are reading is already history. In the end, the perception being shown here is with newspaper, the happenings are not in real time unlike with internet. Another blogger by the name of Farsha (2007) feels that internet is not effective as newspaper in areas where access to the World Wide Web is limited. Farsha further said that if continues presence in the mind of the customer is needed

Community safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Community safety - Essay Example In multi-storey buildings, the number of occupants is also more than in single dwellings. The increased population density gives rise to a greater risk of fires and other hazards. The increased height compared to other low height buildings and houses requires specific management strategies employed for large structures and necessitates the need for special fire safety systems and measures. Moreover, buildings which are under construction pose greater risks for domestic fires to the occupants. The need for an effective fire safety system becomes even more urgent if the occupants are migrant workers. Changes in the electricity and gas supplies by occupants can significantly increase the potential for a domestic fire. This paper attempts to examine fire safety strategies that can be employed to reduce the number of injuries and fatalities as a result of domestic fires in multi-occupancy high-rise buildings which are under construction and provide overpopulated temporary housing for migr ant workers. One of the major risks that an overpopulated high rise structure presents is the problem of evacuation. In the case of evacuation during a fire emergency, a large number of occupants inside the building can increase the time taken to evacuate. Many buildings do not have a sufficient number of staircases and fire escapes. Evacuation measures also delay the fire suppression by firefighters. This causes more spread of the fire, and even more damage to the property, not to mention the increased fatalities and injuries that will accompany the spread of the fire to other parts of the building. Evacuation measures are also hampered by the lack of internal staircases to protect from smoke and fumes. The heat emitted from the fire can also cause injuries and burns. The problem of limited stairwells becomes even more acute in a building that is under construction and is overpopulated. Not only would it be difficult to evacuate the building,

Research Paper on literary canon and authors place in that canon

On literary canon and authors place in that canon - Research Paper Example His stories also illustrate the use of science fiction blended with horror and mysterious plots. Poe’s work became great source of inspiration and guidance for the coming writers in the genre of detective fiction and even the detective stories of today use the ideas first introduced in his detective fiction stories (Sova, p221). Poe occupies most prominent space in the detective fiction and even after several decades his work is still great source of inspiration for the writers of detective fiction genre. He paved the ways for ghosts and mysterious murdered in the American literature and illustrate the depiction of different fiction as well as scientific phenomenon in the stories. He introduced some detective characters to solve the mysteries of the stories. Before Poe the use of detective was not very common in the stories and there was no use of detectives for solving the mysteries (Ackroyd, p165). The history of detective and science fiction and detective fiction writing in America is marked with the names of several prominent and renowned fiction writer however, it is a fact admitted by the literary critics that the detective fiction writing was introduced and made popular mainly by two prominent writers including Nathaniel Hawthorne and Allan Poe that give space to ghosts and gore in their stories and pave the way of depiction of different factious objects in the stories. ... re in 1748, The rector of Veilbye by Steen Blicher in 1829, The murder of engine maker Rolfsen by Mautrits Hensen in 1839 and Das Fraulein von Scuderi by Hoffmann in 1819 (Bittner, p76) however, the literary critics and historians believe that detective fiction actually began in the English literature with the publication of The Murders in the Rue Morgue by Allan Poe in which the first ever detective character was impressively introduced by Poe. In his later stories, Poe further refined the idea of detective and illustrated the construction of the story plots using the eccentric and brilliant detective character (Harold, p143). Later in 1843 another story The Mystery of Marie Roget was published followed by The Purloined Letter in 1844 in which Poe strengthened the idea of detective fiction and played vital role in the creation of detective fiction genre in English literature. Unlike the earlier mysterious stories Poe added the essence of fiction and emotions that made his work disti nct and his story formulas were widely followed by the detective fiction writers. The work of Poe became great source of inspiration for the writers in Unites States and all over the world. Several other science fiction writers like Jules Verne also adopted the styles and guidelines provided in Poe’s work and based their writing upon the writing style introduced by Poe (Edward Farah, p132). Poe was a versatile writer as he played important role in the evolution of several types of writing genre like detective stories, adventures, horror, science and fiction. His work in all of these genres successfully worked for his recognition as a pioneering writer of certain writing styles (Bittner, p76) however, his writing focusing upon science and detective fiction possess special place in all of

Critical Analysis of Microsoft Monopoly Power Essay

Critical Analysis of Microsoft Monopoly Power - Essay Example Moreover, the firm will stand to benefit from the economies of production and the cost per unit of products will be lowered (Baumol & Blinder 2011). This will create entry barriers to new entrants. There are various sources of monopoly power. The first source of monopoly power is the control of an important factor of production that is fundamental in the production process (Allen 2003). A firm that has exclusive control on an important factor e.g. technology, land, or production process is likely to acquire monopoly power and hence lock out competitors. Secondly, monopoly power may also be attained from the government where the government licenses only one firm to be the sole supplier in the industry thus prohibiting entrance from competitors. The monopoly power may also be attained because of the market size i.e. where the market is small; one supplier may supply the whole market. Finally, the amalgamation and mergers of firms in the industry could also create monopoly power. Firms may merge to benefit from the economies of scale production or to avoid competition that could cause losses to the firm. Such factors may lead to monopoly in an industry (Learning & Moyer 2010). In the case of the software industry, Microsoft has enjoyed monopoly position by creating entry barriers to their potential competitors. Entry barriers arise in terms of high costs, time, quality, and lack of resources to advertise in order to make successful entry. One of the strategies that Microsoft used to lock out their competitors was the large number of applications that were necessary to make an operating system preferred by the end users (Kobie 2009). The ends users require software that can be used to execute the different functions at once and this will ensure that they get the convenience they require. It would thus expensive for a new entrant to develop software with many applications that will compete those of Microsoft (Kobie 2009). The users of computer software are also like ly to remain loyal to Microsoft application software because of the multi application that the soft ware can perform. The second way of creating entrance barrier is by entering into exclusive agreements whereby a firm will enter into agreements that prohibits the use of their competitors’ products. In the case of Microsoft, the company created exclusive agreements in which the company’s operating software would be solely used in their PC’s (Meller 2009). As a result, their competitors or potential competitors would lack the market for their software and this would make them incur heavy losses that lead to their termination or dissolution. This anti competitive strategy is not healthy for the users of the products, as they will lack a variety of products to make choices from (Mankiw 2008). They will thus be compelled to adhere to the available and little viable option. These therefore deny the consumers their sovereignty making Microsoft monopoly unjustified. In addition, Microsoft used their financial power and strength to keep their competitors at bay. Monopolists firms make large profits that is can use in lowering the selling price or giving offers that are meant to make their products cheaper compared to those of the competitors (Kobie 2009). Due to this new entrants or existing smaller competitors will be barricaded from accessing the market and hence the continuation of the

Business Entrepreneurship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Entrepreneurship - Research Paper Example Department of State, n.d.). The definition of an entrepreneur nowadays is largely different from that in its initial stage. Today entrepreneurship is termed to be the art and science of creating a new business idea and construct it in a manner to be rendered to the targeted market. To be accounted in this context, the definition as stated by Small Business Advancement National Center in the publication, â€Å"Entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary time and effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic, and social risks, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence† (SBAER, 2005). The thought of entrepreneurship in the 21st century is classified into different categories as per the characteristics that entrepreneurs possess. They are the social entrepreneurship and the business entrepreneurship in a wider perspective. Social entrepreneurs are those who focus to serve the community in an innovative manner without the intention to generate profit. But business entrepreneurs tend to be focused on attaining profit margins by marketing their idea. Hence, it is certain that the philanthropy of business entrepreneurship is a constraint to many factors like the legal and regulatory frameworks, the macroeconomic environment, the macroeconomic environment, and the microenvironment as well. Therefore, the strategic planning from the end of the entrepreneur holds immense significance in the context. Earlier the business entrepreneurs were only the adults who were experienced people and acquired enough knowledge to direct their business. But today the sector of business entrepreneurship includes young people and even minors. To be further classified, there are women entrepreneurs, and there are entrepreneurs who are physically disabled. Therefore a considerable change can be easily forecasted in the outlook of business entrepreneurship.

Critical Analysis of Microsoft Monopoly Power Essay

Critical Analysis of Microsoft Monopoly Power - Essay Example Moreover, the firm will stand to benefit from the economies of production and the cost per unit of products will be lowered (Baumol & Blinder 2011). This will create entry barriers to new entrants. There are various sources of monopoly power. The first source of monopoly power is the control of an important factor of production that is fundamental in the production process (Allen 2003). A firm that has exclusive control on an important factor e.g. technology, land, or production process is likely to acquire monopoly power and hence lock out competitors. Secondly, monopoly power may also be attained from the government where the government licenses only one firm to be the sole supplier in the industry thus prohibiting entrance from competitors. The monopoly power may also be attained because of the market size i.e. where the market is small; one supplier may supply the whole market. Finally, the amalgamation and mergers of firms in the industry could also create monopoly power. Firms may merge to benefit from the economies of scale production or to avoid competition that could cause losses to the firm. Such factors may lead to monopoly in an industry (Learning & Moyer 2010). In the case of the software industry, Microsoft has enjoyed monopoly position by creating entry barriers to their potential competitors. Entry barriers arise in terms of high costs, time, quality, and lack of resources to advertise in order to make successful entry. One of the strategies that Microsoft used to lock out their competitors was the large number of applications that were necessary to make an operating system preferred by the end users (Kobie 2009). The ends users require software that can be used to execute the different functions at once and this will ensure that they get the convenience they require. It would thus expensive for a new entrant to develop software with many applications that will compete those of Microsoft (Kobie 2009). The users of computer software are also like ly to remain loyal to Microsoft application software because of the multi application that the soft ware can perform. The second way of creating entrance barrier is by entering into exclusive agreements whereby a firm will enter into agreements that prohibits the use of their competitors’ products. In the case of Microsoft, the company created exclusive agreements in which the company’s operating software would be solely used in their PC’s (Meller 2009). As a result, their competitors or potential competitors would lack the market for their software and this would make them incur heavy losses that lead to their termination or dissolution. This anti competitive strategy is not healthy for the users of the products, as they will lack a variety of products to make choices from (Mankiw 2008). They will thus be compelled to adhere to the available and little viable option. These therefore deny the consumers their sovereignty making Microsoft monopoly unjustified. In addition, Microsoft used their financial power and strength to keep their competitors at bay. Monopolists firms make large profits that is can use in lowering the selling price or giving offers that are meant to make their products cheaper compared to those of the competitors (Kobie 2009). Due to this new entrants or existing smaller competitors will be barricaded from accessing the market and hence the continuation of the

Pump Characteristics Paper Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pump Characteristics Paper - Lab Report Example The FM50 is an example of a centrifugal pumping system. The requirements of this pumping mechanism are an area which is clean, and where the fluid being transmitted is of a consistent viscosity. The design of the FM50 centrifugal pump is intended to convert mechanical energy into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is transmitted to an impeller. The impeller transforms the kinetic energy into potential energy. The change in potential energy translates into a change of pressure in the fluid. The change in pressure in the fluid and the energy which is input enable the FM50 to provide work. Heat is a result of work. The transformation of energy results in an increase in internal energy and heat as a resultant effect. The characteristics of the FM50 pumping mechanism will be explored. These characteristics which will be measured are the following: Head height. Power input Efficiency. The first law of thermodynamics and its implications will be reviewed in this laboratory report. Introduc tion There are two types of pumps. One type of pump is a positive displacement pump. Another type is a roto dynamic pump. This research will examine the latter. Pumps and their components compose about 20% of the global energy demand. Pumping systems are responsible for 25% to 50% of the energy consumptions in a number of plant operations. Roto dynamics have two functions. These functions are: Movement of fluid from one place to another. Movement of fluid through a system in a lubricating or refrigerating function. The parts of a pumping system consist of the following components: Pumps. Prime movers. Piping. Valves Controls and assessment equipment. Pressure flow. The pump and the prime mover consume the most energy in a pumping system (Energy Efficiency Asia.org 2006). The First law of Thermodynamics which was proposed by Sir Isaac Newton mentions that energy can neither be conceived nor destroyed. Energy can only be transformed from one state to another or from one location to an other. Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy and its heat components. The FM50 pumping system is an example of a centrifugal pumping mechanism. The characteristics of this type of pumping system require that the situations are free of debris (Waukesha Cherry Burrell 2009). The FM50 pumping system is a relatively non complicated machinery item. The machine converts one form of energy into another. The electrical components transform the electrical energy into mechanical energy. In an internal combustion process, electrical energy is converted from chemical energy to mechanical and heat energy. In a steam and gasoline turbine, the mechanical energy of steam pressure converts to kinetic energy as the steam is forced out of a nozzle. A high speed configuration of steam particles from the nozzle of the turbines motor impacts a set of blades and causes the blades to exercise mechanical energy by means of the blade movement. In a pumping system, the pump transforms the en ergy which is derived from a turbine. This energy is transformed from kinetic energy. In the pumping system, the kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. This potential energy causes the fluid in the pump to gyrate. The gyration of the fluid in the pump represents work. Lit Review The energy is conceived in the roto dynamic pump by rotary movement and its output. The impeller within the pumping mechanism exerts a force on the system. This force causes the energy to transform from mechanical energy which is the impeller exerting a force upon the fluid. The fluid gains kinetic energy in this process. In pumps which are employed for domestic

HSC Speeches Essay Essay Example for Free

HSC Speeches Essay Essay â€Å"Great speeches do not merely address a contextual purpose; they also touch the hearts and minds of those who hear them†. Evaluate to what extent the statement above supports your understanding of the speeches set for study in Module B: Critical Study of Texts. Words in their most basic forms are just unintelligible sounds. Yet with the combination of emotion and verve, only then do they become meaningful. Words which not only combine emotions but also contextual misunderstandings and inequity are a recipe for the invoking of spirit. Words are the key to communication, a commonality throughout each culture, nation and religion. Though the sounds they create are different, the true intertwined emotion and feeling behind these words weave a tapestry of both global disunion and union. Words are not restricted to a language or a sound, they are infinite in there meaning and purpose. Nevertheless this doesn’t change what it invokes in the people who either hear or read it. Rather it inspires them. Contrary the popular belief, feminism is a first world idea. Margaret Atwood, a lifelong feminist, born in Canada, a country who gives females the same opportunities as men, is the epitome of a first world woman. It almost appears she is the antithesis of her global sister Aung Sun Suu Kyi. A woman, born in Burma, raised by political activists and placed under house arrest for 6 years for her movements towards equity. The importance of their upbringing though makes a resounding impact upon the audience, since their points are identical. Though they may be in different stages, the end goals are one. This display of unity spanning across nations, cultures and time creates a timeless foundation for the solidarity of women. The power of a nation and society on any individual no matter the gender has insurmountable influence upon the youth. Atwood’s ‘Spotty Handed Villainesses’ is a speech written to inspire women that it’s okay not ‘to be good all the time.’ Why should women be depicted as one dimensional characters, why is there a seemingly an innate fear amongst authors to give a female character a legitimate personality, flaws and all? She encourages readers to look past stereotypes by addressing their almost inbred mental fears. For the bad behaviour of women have no shades of grey. It is black and it is white and the lines are clearly drawn. Lest we forget when a women â€Å"was good she was very good and when she was bad she was horrid.† This tenor is also present within Suu Kyi’s speech ‘Keynote Address at the Beijing World Conference on Women’, the notion of women constantly  having to justify their own existence. These stereot ypes, nursed into infants until their adulthood reflects this symbolism awakens a sense of epiphany within the audience. The traditional belief that the patriarchal paradigm is the reason for life and the justification of living, with the instilled belief that â€Å"the dawn rises only when the rooster crows.† Atwood Suu Kyi’s words strike us, for they have found our commonality, our youth. The commonality of folk tales, which were supposedly told to enforce morals and values to us, instead enforced boundaries. These boundaries which we were too young to understand or even acknowledge solidified the link between us. These boundaries hinder the true identity of women and their position in society, For isn’t the sole idea, a commonality between all women? The contextual purpose is addressing the notion of why women cannot monopolise the â€Å"true traits† of men; for they are men and men alones traits. Yet to give these identical traits to a woman, spells her immediate downfall. Why cannot women stand on their own two god given feet, and be recognised without representing the traits of their male counterparts. This lone concept is the link, which encourages a movement within the hearts and minds of the readers, the movement to not become a stereotype. Though both speeches address the commonality of inequity, their words emanate and establish an emotion and bond meant to reach inside an individual and shock them. Their meaning rises above the words they choose to address the concept; thus manifesting in the readers psyche. The truth of the matter is that we are all spotted. Like the wicked lady Macbeth, though these spots cannot be seen, they are â€Å"indelible†. They shall never be removed, yet though they are there it doesn’t mean they should be given the power to determine a life. To be spotted isn’t ‘bad’; to be spotted is being real, and this stigma around female characters, that they are somehow more realistic than real women, the readers, is a detrimental mistake. These very stereotypes are found in every novel, article and song we either read or listen to. Whether knowingly or not women have been subordinated in their source of comfort, at their most vulnerable. Women have â€Å"no sole protector†, they are on their own and it’s time for them to recognise this and stand up for themselves, no matter their circumstance. Society is the downfall of equity and an encumbrance to the rise of feminism across the globe. These are the strength of Atwood’s and Suu Kyi’s words. These are the words that  inspire and touch the minds and hearts of those who hear them. They have grasped a contextual issue faced in both countries; female inequity, and created a movement amongst complete strangers across the globe. They have done this though creating a bond with the readers by their words. They are meant to be personified and expanded. This is why they earned the title of being a great speech.

Factors for Youth Drug Use

Factors for Youth Drug Use What factors leads male young people aged 11 18 years old into taking illicit drugs in the UK? Abstract Statistical data has shown that an increasing number of young people aged between 11 and 18 are using illicit drugs either experimentally or habitually. This study examines a small sample of males aged between 11 and 18, and through unstructured interviews ascertains the reasons for their drug use. The study aims to identify ways in which prevention could be better facilitated for this particular age group. Introduction In men and women the misuse of illicit drugs has increased dramatically over the last 50 years (Zerbe, 1999). Research has shown that the particular age when young people begin using alcohol, tobacco, and other illicit drugs is a predictor of later alcohol and drug problems. For example, 40% of young people who begin drinking at age 14 or younger develop alcohol dependence, compared with 10% of youth who start drinking at age 20 or older. (Ericson, 2001. In Laursen and Brasler, 2002: 181). It has been long-established that users of one drug are more likely to use other drugs than non-users (Gove and Geerken,1979) and that the use of correlates with the onset of psychiatric symptoms. Contemporary research suggests that amongst girls, tobacco use is often a strong indication that other drugs will be used in the future, and in males, alcohol use has been described as a ‘gateway to other drugs.’ (In Laursen and Brasler, 2002: 181). Reasons for young people experimenting or r egularly using drugs are varied, and include pressure from peers, stress and emotional factors, a desire to break convention, and the process of individualisation. Research into the consequences of divorce on young people has shown that negative consequences are most common shortly after a parental divorce (Frost and Pakiz, 1990). While research by Laursen and Brasler recorded the following responses as to why drugs were used: to numb the pain of abuse and neglect, to be accepted, peer pressure, to take control of my own life, for relaxation and pleasure to chill to improve my self-image because Im curious, stressed, or bored to assert myself. (Laursen and Brasler, 2002: 181) Social work practice is reliant upon research in order to find the most effective ways to deal with social problems (Chavkin, 1993). The National Institute of Mental Health ( 1991) proposed that social work research is invaluable because it ‘describes the work domain of social work as touching on a multitude of human problems that inflict pain and suffering on millions of individuals and families.’ (Chavkin, 1993: 3). As children develop into adolescence, they experience a series of dramatic changes, both physical, psychological , and psycho-social. Independence and identity are sought often through the need to belong to a group or more general movement. Substance use increases in adolescence (Johnston, OMalley, Bachman, 1998. In Laursen and Brasler, 2002: 181) as ‘smoking, drinking, and other drugs become a way to appear mature while fitting in with peers.’ (Laursen and Brasler, 2002: 181). Methodology A qualitative research method was decided to be most appropriate. Darlington and Scott (2002) highlighted the three most prominent research methods as being: In-depth interviewing of individuals and small groups Systematic observation of behaviour Analysis of documentary data (Darlington and Scott, 2002: 2) In-depth interviewing of individuals was chosen for this project, and it was proposed to interview five individuals between the ages of 11 and 18 within the young people’s service, using a random sampling method. As suggested by Darlington and Scott (2002: 3): ‘Research methods such as in-depth interviewing and participant observation are particularly well suited to exploring questions in the human services which relate to the meaning of experiences and to deciphering the complexity of human behaviour.’ This approach also offers far more potential for establishing a greater rapport with the individual, where a more trustworthy and detailed account of personal experiences might be achieved as opposed to observation techniques which might only offer relatively superficial or ambiguous evidence of inner thoughts and feelings. The interviews were taped; this ensured that the information was accessible, and facilitated more accurate and reliable research. For ethical reasons it was necessary to obtain the consent of the individuals being interviewed. It was made clear to participants that their information might be reproduced and possibly published as part of the study. It was necessary to obtain their consent prior to conducting the interview in case they objected to any later use of the information. In cases of younger respondents the permission of their older siblings or parents was asked prior to the interview. As the sample was chosen randomly the researcher did not have any influe ncer over the identity of the interviewees. Ten males were selected, of the ages: eleven, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen. All respondents were interviewed in their homes by trained interviewers. Data was collected primarily through interview, and also through self-reports which aimed to establish the presence of any emotional instabilities. The present study made use of the interview format undertaken by researchers in the study by Vandervalk et al (2005) into the relationship between family problems and the behaviour of adolescents. In the 2005 study researchers used a shortened version of the General Health Questionnaire, which measured the extent to which psychological stress and depression had recently been experienced. On a 4-point scale, the respondents indicated the severity of their symptoms (e.g., feeling tense and nervous, feeling unhappy and dejected) during the past 4 weeks (1: much more than usual to 4: not at all). This was replicated for the current study. Youngsters indicated on a 4-point scale whether they had considered committing suicide during the last 12 months (1: never to 4: very often) (Diekstra et al., 1991). To distinguish between internal and external factors the 2005 model study used an ‘Adolescent Externalizing Behavior’ approach that measured the following: Risky habits, measuring the degree to which adolescents were involved in risky or unhealthy behavior. Self-report data on the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and soft drugs were used. On 8-point scales, youngsters indicated if and to what extent they smoked, drank alcohol, or used soft drugs Delinquent behavior was assessed as the number of delinquent acts the respondents reported over the past 12 months. The delinquency measure consists of 21 items pertaining to 3 types of delinquent behavior: violent crime (e.g., Have you ever wounded anyone with a knife or other weapon?), vandalism (e.g., Have you ever covered walls, buses, or entryways with graffiti?), and crime against property (e.g., Have you ever bought something which you knew was stolen?). Educational attainment of adolescents and young adults was assessed by asking youngsters about their current level of education or about the highest level of education achieved, in case they no longer participated in the educational system. (Taken from Vandervalk et al (2005: 533) Results As the interviews were unstructured it was not possible to identify all of these factors for each individual. However, each interview did touch on these areas, and it was left to the individual concerned as to whether they wished to discuss these factors as potential reasons for their use of substances. A list of factors can be found in Appendix One. 5 out of 10 respondents said that a lack of money in their family had, on one or more occasions, led them to become involved in anti social behaviour. All of these respondents affirmed a positive link between anti social behaviour and drug taking. One male, aged fifteen, said that he would take drugs in a group, but never alone, in order to gain enough confidence to ‘cause trouble’ in their local area. 9 out of 10 respondents believed that their age group was not catered for enough in the local area and that they took drugs for ‘something to do’ rather than being forced into it by emotional or stress factors. However, one respondent, aged eighteen, said that he used cocaine regularly because it ‘made his stress go away.’ When asked about the nature of the stress involved he said that he felt under pressure to achieve at school. He expressed concern that if he didn’t achieve then his family would continue to struggle financially. An added stress in this case was that the withdrawals he experienced from his use of the drug were negatively affecting his relationship with his family, and reducing his ability to complete his school work. When asked about the amount and regularity of drug use, more than half of respondents said that they used drugs more than occasionally. 3 of those said they used regularly ‘for something to do.’ And another said that they used ‘whenever they were bored.’ Major positive correlations were found between the respondents’ self-reports, where negative thoughts and stress prevailed, and the number of occasions that they confessed to using drugs. Although this link appears to be a significant one, it is possible that some interviewees did not give a completely accurate account of their use patterns, possibly in fear of being ‘found out’ by parents. More than two respondents said that they were attracted to drug taking because of its associations with criminality Results were consistent with the premises of the Social construction approach to defining and explaining the use of drugs in young people. Past research has defined drug use by minority youth as ‘a dysfunctional effort to escape problems stemming from poverty and racism or as an alternative means of making money in the face of underclass isolation from legitimate economic opportunities’ (Merton, 1957; Cloward and Ohlin, 1960; Finestone, 1957; Williams, 1990; Harrell and Peterson, 1992; Currie, 1993. In Covington, 1997: ) However, Covington criticises the social construction of drug problems amongst young people as too easily explaining away reasons for use through emphasis on individual differences as opposed to collective conditions. She suggests that trends in minority and majority drug use should receive separate treatment. Conclusion and Recommendations Future prevention through social work practice needs to focus on the areas of inclusion. A high percentage of respondents said that they used drugs recreationally, and that this had contributed to their developing addiction. That there exists positive associations with criminality reflects the need for social work policy to adapt to find more ways of addressing the needs of young people in particular areas. The findings of the Hidden Harm report commissioned by the government found that children of drug users are one of the most vulnerable groups within society, and as part of the Government response to the report it was suggested that ‘the voices of the children of problem drug users should be heard and listened to.’ (Department for Education and Skills, 2005:4). Research into this minority and publication of results could potentially help social work policy to deter young users from taking drugs, and might also deter young users from bringing up children around drugs. Future research might include a more socially diverse sample, including a greater variety in terms of race and background. Externalising factors might also include social trends and political changes, as these greatly affect the nature and accessibility of service provision within a local area. Bibliography Boynton, P. (2005) The Research Companion. Psychology Press Brendtro, L., Brokenleg, M., Van Bockern, S. (2002). Reclaiming youth at risk: Our hope for the future. (2nd ed.) Bloomington, IN: National Educational Service. Bryman, A. (1993), Approaches to Social Enquiry. London: Routledge Chavkin, N.F, (1993), The Use of Research in Social Work Practice: A Case Example from School Social Work. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers Corby B 2006 Applying Research in Social Work Practice Buckingham Open University Press Covington, J., ‘The Social Construction of the Minority Drug Problem.’  Social Justice, Vol. 24, (1997), pp. Darlington, Y, and Scott, D, (2002), Research in Practice: Stories from the Field. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen Unwin. Department of Education and Skills, (2005), ‘Government Response to Hidden Harm: the Report of an Inquiry by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs’ [online]. Available from:  http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/73D1398FE270B13D89AF63EF1A8B341D.pdf  [Accessed 2/08/08] Ericson, N. (2001). Substance abuse: The nations number one health problem. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Frost, A. K., and Pakiz, B. (1990). The effects of marital disruption on adolescents: Time as a dynamic. Am. J. Orthopsychiatr. 60: 544-555. Goldberg, D. P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. General Practice Research Unit, Horsham Gove, W.R, and Geerken, M., (1979), ‘Drug Use and Mental Health among a Representative National Sample of Young Adults. Social Forces, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 572-590 Laursen, E.K, and Brasler, P, (2002), ‘Harm Reduction a Viable Choice for Kids Enchanted with Drugs?.’ Reclaiming Children and Youth. Volume 11. Issue 3. P. 181+. Marlatt, G.A. (1998). Basic principles and strategies of harm reduction. In G.A. Marlatt (Ed.), Harm reduction: Pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviors (pp. 49-66). New York: Guilford Press. Silverman, D, (2004), Doing Qualitative Research. London: Sage Strauss, A Corbin J. (1998), Basics of Qualitative Research. London: Sage. Vandervalk, I; Spruijt, I; De Goede, M; Mass, C, and Meeus, W, ‘Family Structure and Problem Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Growth-Curve Study.’ Journal of Youth and Adolescence. Vol 34. Issue 6. (2005). P. 533+ Zerbe, K.J, (1999), Womens Mental Health in Primary Care. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Appendix One Unstructured Interview: To identify the presence of influence of the following factors: Internalizing behaviour Adolescent age Individual-level Factors Adolescent Education Externalizing behaviour Family-level Factors Family Structure Family Income

Anti-Semitism Essay - Martin Luther as Spiritual Icon for Adolf Hitler

Martin Luther as Spiritual Icon for Adolf Hitler   Ã‚   The world has been plagued with the specter of anti-Semitism for many centuries. This hatred manifested itself in the frenzy of Nazism and the deaths of six million Jews, the Holocaust as it has come to be known. If someone were to reveal an eight step plan for the removal of Jews from European society, one would readily associate such a plan with Adolf Hitler. One would not, however, think also of Martin Luther, though he himself wrote an essay in 1543 entitled "Concerning the Jews and their Lies" outlining such a plan. This is not to suggest that Luther was akin to Hitler in action or deed. This does suggest that Luther, the spark of the Protestant Reformation and father of German nationalism, and his teachings had a profound impact on the anti-Semitic thinkers that were to follow (Prager 106). It is possible that Hitler and Luther shared a common ideological base.  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luther's attitude toward the Jews is puzzling. During the course of his theological writings Luther made a drastic transition from sympathy to hateful paranoia. Very early in his Protestant career Luther wrote an essay entitled "That Jesus Christ Was Born A Jew". In it he calls for tolerance, compassion, and peaceful conversion. "...they [Catholics] have dealt with the Jews as if they were dogs and not human beings" (Luther "That" 33). Luther believed that a purified Christianity, his Christianity, would attract Jews (Patterson 16). Jews could only truly be converted through a demonstration of the scriptural basis of Christianity. A Jew was a person of worth to Luther. Luther asked how Jews could improve his society (Luther "That" 34). Luther called into question those who advocated vi... ...was not constrained by Luther's sense of "merciful severity". Thus, it is unfair to say that Martin Luther was a direct cause of the Holocaust. Rather, Luther's anti-Semitic ideas and proposals provided a fertile soil from which the seeds of new even more horrific visions could germinate and grow into full bloom.    Works Cited Luther, Martin. "Concerning the Jews and their Lies". 1543. Rpt. in Disputation and Dialogue. F.E. Luther ed. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1975. ---. "That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew". 1523. Rpt in Disputation and Dialogue. F.E. Luther ed. New York: Ktav Publishing House, 1975. Mosse, George L. Toward the Final Solution. New York: Howard Fertig, 1978. Patterson, Charles. Anti-Semitism. New York: Walker and Company, 1982. Prager, Dennis and Joseph Telushkin. Why the Jews? New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.   

student :: essays research papers

The first people that came upon the Ice Man were Helmut and Erika Simon that also meant that they were the first two to compromise the integrity of the site. When they got there they moved a birch bark bundle out of the way when they got (Page 8). The next person that came to the site was Markus Pirpamer, the manger of the Weisskugel Lodge. The way he affected the site was when he moved the axe from the rock next to the body to another rock that was close by, in addition to that he did some other general scavenging (Page 13). Anton Koler also came in and looked around the site, he even moved the axe in order to take a better picture of it (17 Page). Markus was the first to remove an item from the site, the axe (Page 17). Hans Kammerlander disturbed the site by taking the stick off the ledge near the string and fur and using it to hack away the ice around the body (Page 23). There are many thing that the could have been done better as far as the excavating of the Ice Man, the biggest being how they did it. Because every showed up at first with the thought of it being a recant accidentally death of a climber, show because of that they took less care of the scene than they would have if the new it was an archeological find. Koler used a mini jackhammer to try and unbury the Ice Man and while doing so he struck the body itself. All the moving around of all the things makes it impossible to know exactly were everything was in relation to Otzi. I has prevented us from learning for sure f this was the original place of death, meaning has the ice melted and moved this whole group half way down the mountain. This is brought up by the fact that the body was found with the blue ski clip, obviously not something from the time of the Otzi. Another thing that went wrong with the excavation is the way he molded because of the way he was left in the ice over night, eve n though covered. When dealing with the Ice Man the archaeologists had to apply different methods at different parts in time. At the very beginning before any of the real excavating had been started there was some relative dating done with the axe, using knowledge of previously found axes of this same type or style to try and put the Otzi in a time period.

Kant vs Descartes

Thing in ItselfRene Descartes’ method of doubt provides the argument for the existence of the mind, which is, perhaps, the cornerstone of his philosophy. Immanuel Kant, on the other hand, treats ‘reason’ or rationality as a crucial factor in his philosophical accounts. With regard to Descartes, the concept of the ‘thing in itself’ can be analyzed in terms of his method of hyperbolic doubt, such that he cannot doubt that he exists. As for Kant, the concept of the ‘thing in itself’ can best be understood in terms of his treatment on the distinction between the noumenal or rational world and the spatiotemporal world.Descartes method of doubt tells us that the only thing that an individual can be sure of is his existence, such that the fact that one can begin to doubt one’s existence is proof that there must be that something which ‘doubts’. Given that there is a looming ‘doubt’, it cannot be questioned that t here is indeed something that doubts, and that ‘doubting’ thing is a thinking thing. At the least, the attribute of being able to doubt makes Descartes to believe that he exists for if he did not then he would not have doubted his existence in the first place (Garber, p. 226).As a result, Descartes gives primary emphasis to the mind such that our sensory perceptions cannot wholly provide us with real knowledge. For instance, Descartes provides his classic example of the wax. A wax has a certain size, shape, texture and odor among many others. After the wax is melted, Descartes tells us that many of the physical properties of the wax as observed by our sensory perceptions have changed. Thus, our senses cannot give us the assurance of the essence of the wax, or of things in general. It is at that point that Descartes believes that the deductive mind should be the basis for our inquiries on the essence of objects.Hence, it can be said that the concept of the ‘thing i n itself’ in terms of Descartes’ philosophy stands as something which claims that there is a material, external world outside of the mind. Things by themselves, then, would be as they are whether or not the mind is able to grasp these external entities. Descartes is also known for his belief in the mind and body dualism, such that the mind is a separate entity from the corporeal or physical body. In its entirety, it can be said that Descartes is espousing the idea that the thing in itself is one which is in the external world, although it can also be the thinking thing, or the mind. As for the objects external from the mind, these objects are things in themselves for the reason that the mind is able to acquire knowledge through them, specifically through a deductive inquiry into their nature and essence.Immanuel Kant, on the other hand, espouses the idea of noumenon as synonymous with the ‘thing in itself’, which is that the noumenal realm is the realm whi ch is not accessible precisely because of the limits of the rationality. From here, it can be said that Kant acknowledges that there are indeed ‘things in themselves’ only that human reason is unable to completely grasp these ‘things in themselves’ in the noumenal realm. Kant’s noumenon is to be distinguished with his concept of the phenomenon. On one hand, the phenomenon is that which is grasped by our sensory perceptions or that which is perceived. On the other hand, the noumenon is the actual object which gives the perceived phenomenon (Clarke, p. 55).In order to make the distinction clearer, one can resort to the example of, say, the object ‘pencil’. In terms of Kant’s philosophy, the actual ‘pencil’ is the actual object and the essence of the actual ‘pencil’ cannot be grasped even through our reason and sensory perceptions. On the contrary, what we can only be able to grasp is the phenomenon that ema nates from the actual pencil. That is, our senses are only able to acquire the various attributes of the actual pencil such as size, color, shape and texture among many others. We are never able to grasp the essence of the actual pencil, only the ‘properties’ or the phenomenon that come from it.The contrast between Kant and Descartes’ treatment of the thing in itself resides on their basis for which upon the ‘thing in itself’ can be accessed. Apparently, both Kant and Descartes give a substantial consideration for the mind or reason in trying to understand the material world and the rest of the objects as ‘things in themselves’. Thus, once the mind or reason is deprived of its role in discerning the objects around it, or if the mind or reason is removed from the task of contemplating the ‘thing in itself’, there is strong reason to believe, as far as Kant and Descartes are concerned, that any effort to philosophize about the se things would be futile.More importantly, the distinction between Kant and Descartes resides on the fact that Kant is inclined to believe that we cannot entirely comprehend the essence of any ‘thing in itself’ and that only the phenomenon can be accessed by reason and our sensory perceptions. On the other hand, Descartes does not explicitly make a claim denying the reason of the ability to comprehend the essence of objects. On the contrary, Descartes tells us that we should rely on the deductive process through the minds in our quest for understanding the world of objects and less on the sensory perceptions for they may simply give us a limited account of the world.In conclusion, it can be said that the distinction between Kant and Descartes in terms of their take on the concept of the ‘thing in itself’ differs solely on whether or not the noumenon or the actual objects are accessible. Both Kant and Descartes agree on the substantial function and purpose of reason in discerning the world or at least the ‘thinking thing’ in the words of Descartes. Without the mind, one can hardly arrive at a substantial thought on the world, or that there can be no ‘hyperbolic doubting’ to begin with. The use of the mind is significant in both the philosophies of Kant and Descartes, especially in their analysis of the concept of the ‘thing in itself’.Works CitedGarber, Daniel. â€Å"Descartes and Method in 1637.† PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 2 (1988): 226.Clarke, Michael. â€Å"Kant's Rhetoric of Enlightenmentkant's Rhetoric of Enlightenment.† The Review of Politics 59.1 (1997): 55.

Infrastructure as the Foundation of Data Warehousing Essay

Data warehouse is a system environment which provides strategic information and holds detailed or summarized data from heterogeneous sources and provides end users with data access solutions exclusively designed for reporting and business analysis. The overall structure of the data warehouse is basically described by its architectural and infrastructural components. Orr pointed out that â€Å"data warehouse architecture is a way of representing the overall structure of data, communication, processing and presentation that exists for end-user computing within the enterprise. † In other words, data warehouse architecture is simply a blueprint which describes the elements and specific services of the warehouse, with details showing how the components will interrelate together and how the system will grow over time. Moreover, the architecture provides the conceptual framework of the warehouse in which these components are mutually arranged specifically to suit the organization’s requirements and to function in an optimum way. In order for these functions and services to be provided, a warehouse uses basic computing platform which generally makes use of the available technology. The platform includes the various software and hardware products installed as well as the type of users and the policies that govern it. However, these elements can be categorized as either operational infrastructure or physical infrastructure. Operational infrastructure deals with on how to keep the data warehouse running. These elements would include the people, the trainings required, the policies that each govern a function, and management software that would help maintain the efficiency and management of a data warehouse. Fundamentally, the physical infrastructure of a warehouse, as Ponniah noted, â€Å"consists of the basic hardware components, the operating system with its utility software, the network, and the network software† (p. 147). Coupled with a set of tools needed to provide such functions and services of individual architectural components. These components are pre-selected that may go through a number of critical evaluations in order to meet the necessary requirements to support the entire data warehouse. Moreover, Ponniah suggests that the infrastructure has to be modular as possible. That is, when newer versions are cost-effectively available, components could easily be unplugged and plugged in the upgrade. The data warehouse computing environment consists primarily of the hardware and the operating systems which provides jobs such as data extraction, transformation, integration, and transportation. Selection of these components are passed to certain criteria, such as, scalability, technical support, security, reliability, availability, and memory protection. Additionally, these infrastructural components would make up the front-end and the back-end systems of the entire data warehouse. However, managing these databases would need a robust and reliable DBMS that would match the selected hardware and software components. The DBMS shoul also have the capability of delivering a balanced data output and portability to access across the different platforms. Software tools are also important in every architectural component of a data warehouse. Third-party software tools can provide the necessary needs for developing a data warehouse computing environment, such as, data modeling, GUI design software, query tools that would generate reports, data warehouse administration and others. Generally, these tools cover all the major functions of a data warehouse. References Ponniah, Paulraj (2001). Data Warehousing Fundamentals: A Comprehensive Guide for IT Professionals. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Orr, Ken (2000). Data Warehouse Technology. Retrieved from the Web March 9, 2007. http://www. kenorrinst. com/dwpaper. html

Cardboard Sculpture Diary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cardboard Sculpture Diary - Essay Example Additionally, after initial discussions with my partner, cutting away the crust of the thick sheets of cardboard to make it paper thin was considered which would allow for more flexibility of design; perhaps abstract in nature. We further proposed using shredded pieces of cardboard, either by use of scissors or a shredding device, to create human hair as an organic component. Finally deciding on the use of the human hand, it was determined that the best course of action would be to use adhesives and cutting tools to make deliberate right angles needed for the inorganic device: The chosen television. The hand required glue and adhesive to shape paper-thin fingers with less-obvious angles. Organic, in artistry, represents a natural context, such as what exists in the biological environment such as animals, plants, or even the use of rocks and soil as a complement to sculpture. More abstractly, organic artistry can entail mimicking natural phenomenon, such as using pleasing lines and shapes that might represent a river’s flow or cosmological elements like the orbit of planetary bodies. Organic shapes and designs are often characterized by being more feminine or nurturing in design. Inorganic is characterized by more sharp angles in sculpture and artistry, using sharper lines and exact geometric patterns, reminiscent of Picasso’s abstract paintings. In relation to objects, inorganic might represent the representation of a building or other man-made structure which is illustrated by definite angles. The television shape chosen for this project is inorganic in design. At the same time, the hand which will burst through the television could also be categorized as inorganic as it suggests a powerful, masculine activity: Rebellion and strength. Synthesis appears to have many different meanings, however it appears to be the careful thought and consideration which goes into a piece of work, such as determining form, style, theme, and

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) Assignment

Operational Management - ASOS online clothing (logistics) - Assignment Example The findings showed that the performance of any company entirely depends on the Operation Management (OM) frameworks of that particular company therefore the researcher gave a way forward of improving the performance of ASOS considering OM Issues. Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 ASOS Online Clothing 3 Introduction 4 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS 4 Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain 4 Problem in the Environment of Supply Chain 5 Logistical Problems at ASOS 5 Unrelated Trade-off Elements 6 SOLUTION 1 6 2. CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS 8 Functional Areas for ASOS 8 SOLUTION 2 9 The ‘Operation’ at ASOS 9 The ‘Strategy’ for ASOS (Market Entry) 11 Beyond immediate boundaries of the firm are other parties with a direct connection with the businesses’ OM. Amongst these stakeholders, the most important of all are the customers. Customers have a number of interests in the activities of a business. These in terests can only be enhanced by an effective operation system of the business. Service, Availability, Price, Reliability are some of the issues that are concerned with the operations management of every company. The supply chain elements affect customers directly and indirectly. Shareholders and employees also contribute and provide support to the company whenever called upon; therefore, in order for the ASOS Company to maintain good relations with them it should be able to meet stakeholder needs. This ability cannot be accomplished without an effective OM system that will implement strategic and tactical operations that will ensure stakeholders needs have been met (Ashman, & Vazquez, 2012, p.975 – 996). 12 Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Cooper,  R.G.  (1999), â€Å"The Invisible Success Factors in Product Innovation.† The Journal of Product Innovation Management, 6 p. 1–17 14 ASOS Online Clothing Introduction Founded June 2000, ASOS Online Clothing is one of th e leading online-only fashions store in the UK. With revenue of ?753 million and a net income of ?29 million per annual, has kept ASOS on top of their game as the largest online fashion retailer. The company sells branded women and menswear including jewellery, footwear, and accessories. ASOS online clothing, just like any other industry, has adopted the various Operations Management (OM) characteristics for the sake of the smooth running of the business. This report seeks to investigate theoretical cases, problems and peculiarities in relation to the Operational activities of ASOS online clothing industry. 1. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR ASOS ASOS online clothing is an online store; it automatically qualifies as a global industry since the internet is accessible globally. The Company has adopted a few aspects regarding to logistics and its operations systems. As an international product distributor, it has embraced logistical activities that have gained them a global strategic suppl y chain advantage. However, there are peculiarities that hinder the operations supply chain as the industry grows (Inkpen, 1998, p.2–30). Problem with Positioning the Firm in the Supply Chain ASOS Company relies entirely on ‘